采购与供应高级文凭
Advanced Diploma in Procurement and Supply
供应链风险管理
Managing Risks in Supply Chains
请在回答问题之前花费20分钟来仔细阅读分析案例信息。
You are advised to allow 20 minutes to read carefully and analyse the information in the case study before attempting to answer the questions .
案例-北部区政府（NDA）
制定计划来应对任何可能发生的重大紧急事件是地方政府的职责。紧急事件可以定义成“发生严重的、意想不到的危险情况，并需要立即采取行动”。这些情况可能对人们的安全和财产产生严重损害。紧急事件包括重大火灾、洪水或者交通事故，如对火车相撞事故的处理。近几年来，潜在的恐怖主义行为引起人们更多的担忧。
近期的一次审计报告对北部区政府（简称NDA）缺乏稳健的风险评估和管理计划大加指责。为了改进审计中强调的问题，一支项目小组应运而生。该项目小组的高层管理者们均来自政府的不同部门。这次的审计建议政府应该建立“明确的战略以应对任何重大的紧急事件，并且对社区和环境造成的影响进行明确的评估。”因此，项目团队需要创建灾害恢复计划。此外，这次审计还建议NDA用一套标准方法创建其灾难恢复计划。因为任何紧急事件都可能产生伤亡，所以项目小组还需要与代表卫生健康服务的管理者就计划进行协调。
萨米尔是NDA的一名采购经理，他知道整个项目的关键是创建一个供应商数据库，这些供应商将会在所有重大紧急事件发生时提供产品和服务。所需的物资和服务数量巨大，如食物、交通工具、个人防护装备、应急照明、临时住所以及寝具等。由于最近的预算削减，所有物资最好是自愿提供或者以极低的折扣价获得。作为项目的任务之一，建立供应商数据库需在几个月之内完成，因此萨米尔需要迅速采取行动。
与此同时，萨米尔还在寻求在更广泛的层面上与NDA的供应商一同改善风险管理。由于萨米尔与主要的利益相关者共同参与了整个项目，因此他认为这是个非常好的机会，可以在与外部供应商的协作中改善政府的流程。
最近发生了的一些事故（如政府所属资产中发生的电路和设备故障），并且政府的供应商因其维护服务不善而遭到投诉，因此一些公众人士提出了巨额索赔。萨米尔已经证实，一些供应商并没有足够的保险保障。这些事件不仅给NDA的公众形象造成了负面影响，还导致了巨额的赔偿款。
CASE STUDY – NORTHERN DISTRICT AUTHORITY (NDA)
It is a responsibility of local government authorities to have plans to respond to any major emergencies that may occur. An emergency is defined as ‘a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action’, and such situations could cause serious damage to human welfare. Examples of emergencies include major fires, flooding or transport incidents such as dealing with the consequences of a train crash. In more recent years, the potential for acts of terrorism have caused greater concern.
A recent audit was critical of the lack of robust plans both to assess and manage risks at Northern District Authority (NDA). To respond to the inadequacies highlighted in the audit, a project team has been created with senior managers drawn from different departments across the authority. The audit recommended that the authority should create “a clearly defined strategy for responding to any major emergency with clear assessments of the impact on the community and environment.” Therefore the project team is required to create disaster recovery plans. The audit also recommended that NDA make use of a standard approach to create its disaster recovery plans. The project team will also be required to co-ordinate its plans with the executives representing the health services, since any emergency can create injuries or fatalities.
Samir Tagiyev is a procurement manager at NDA. Samir knows that a key part of the overall project will be to create a database of suppliers that would be willing to provide goods and services in response to any major emergency. A considerable range of supplies and services could be needed, such as food, transport, personal protective equipment, emergency lighting, temporary accommodation, bedding, etc. It is hoped that because of recent budgetary cuts, the supplies will be provided voluntarily or at significantly discounted prices. Samir needs to act quickly, as it is expected that this part of the project, to create the database of suppliers, should be completed within a few months.
Samir is also seeking to improve the management of risks with NDA’s suppliers more generally. Now that he is involved in the overall project with key stakeholders, he believes that it is also a good time to improve processes throughout the authority when engaging with external suppliers of goods and services.
Recent incidents, such as faulty electrical wiring and equipment in property owned by the authority, and complaints of care provided by suppliers working for the authority had all resulted in expensive claims made by members of the public. Samir has established that some of the suppliers did not have adequate insurance protection. Consequently, these incidents had resulted in expensive compensation payments as well as negative publicity for NDA.
问题 QUESTIONS
以下所有问题都与案例有关，应当根据案例提供的信息回答问题。建议你每题用40分钟作答。
These questions relate to the case study and should be answered in the context of the information provided. You are advised to spend 40 minutes on each question.
1.
a) 在该区域内发生的紧急事件中，NDA可能产生直接损失和间接（后果性）损失。
解释直接损失和间接（后果性）损失的区别。（10分）
In the event of an emergency in its area, NDA is likely to incur both direct and indirect (consequential)
losses.
Explain the difference between direct and indirect (consequential) losses.
b) 举例论述发生重大紧急情况时，NDA可能遭受的三种损失。
针对每一种损失，概述其潜在影响以及减轻损失的应对措施。（15分）
Discuss THREE examples of loss that NDA might suffer as the result of a major emergency situation
occurring.
For each example, outline the potential impact and any measures that might be appropriate to mitigate the
loss.
2. 论述为了确保整体项目的成功并降低风险，NDA应该考虑到的有效项目管理的五个特点。（25分）
Discuss FIVE features of effective project management that NDA should take into account in order to
ensure that the overall project is successful and that the risks are mitigated.
3.
a) 萨米尔已经证实一些供应商没有足够的保险保障。
论述NDA确保所有外部供应商都有适当的保险政策来防范风险的四个好处。（16分）
Samir has established that some of the suppliers did not have adequate insurance protection.
Discuss FOUR benefits for NDA of ensuring that all external suppliers have appropriate insurance
policies in place to protect against risks.
b) 解释与外部供应商签订的赔偿条款如何为NDA提供保障并减少其在巨额赔偿中的责任。（9分）
Explain how an indemnity clause in contracts with external suppliers would provide protection to NDA
and reduce its liability for expensive compensation payments.
4. 案例指出，近期的一次审计报告对NDA缺乏稳健的风险评估和管理计划大加指责。
论述NDA团队可用来评估NDA所面临风险的发生几率和影响的五种方法。（25分）
The case study states that a recent audit was critical of the lack of robust plans to assess and manage risks
at NDA.
Propose FIVE methodologies that the NDA team might use to assess the probability and impact of risks
facing NDA.
试卷结束
END OF QUESTION PAPER
