CIPS 4级采购与供应文凭
CIPS Level 4- Diploma in Procurement and Supply《采购与供应实际运作》
Module 8-Procurement and Supply in Practice
考试样题
SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS
构建型响应题
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE QUESTIONS
以上源自：上海西普思供应链管理研究院CIPS中文学习社区CIPS.JS.CN未经许可禁止转载，授权转载请注明出处。
Q1lnsta食品公司
Insta食品公司为一条新的包装生产线购买了新的机器，并使用了3年。在此期间，机器在第﹖年和第3年需要专门修理和零件更换。Ilnsta 食品公司现在需要升级包装操作，以完成其生产计划。
Insta 食品公司准备了下列与这台新机器有关的成本表。该表显示了一系列一般类别的成本并不是所有新机器的成本都包括在内，但这些是该组织认为必须考虑的主要成本领域。
项目
成本描述
第1年
第2年
第3年
新包装机械的投标和合同费用
$4o,000
机器的采购成本
$20,000,000
3
包装机的安装及运送费用
$170,000
4
机器每年消耗的原材料成本
$7,500,00o
$8,000,000
$8,200,000
5
机器每年的能源和燃料成本
$250,000
$280,000
$290,000
包装机械的年度维护费用
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
剩余价值和处置成本
$500,000
分析表中所示的费用。提供所示费用的分类，并提供每个类别的实际详细支出的例子。
(25分)
Q1lnsta Foods
Insta Foods purchased new machinery for a new packing line and used it for a period of 3 years. During thisperiod the machine required specialised repairs and part replacement in year two and three. Insta Foodsnow need to upgrade the packaging operation in order to fulfil its production schedule.There are by Research Institute of Supply Chain Management of CIPS in Shanghai.Please indicate the source for reprint.
Insta Foods have prepared the following table of costs associated with the new machine. The table shlows generic headings which cover a range of costs. Not all of the costs of the new machine are included butthese are the main areas of costs that the organisation believes it must consider.
Analyse the costs shown in the table.Provide a categorisation for the costs shown and provide examples ofactual detailed expenditure that would be in each category.
[25 marks]
Qlnfinity有限公司
Infinity公司是一家全球性的科技公司，生产电视机、手机、电脑和平板电脑。Infinity成立仅12年，就已成为世界上最有价值的科技公司之一，其产品在全球范围内都有很高的需求。
近年来，消费电子产品制造业的格局发生了变化，大多数制造商现在都在中国。Infinity采用了类似的方法，所有产品的零部件都来自中国和东南亚的多个供应商。Technica 中国拥有所有lnfinity产品的长期装配合同，并负责与其他零部件制造商联系。
人们普遍认为，Infinity利润率高的主要原因是其供应链采用三管并举的方式来控制成本:减少库存，降低高仓库成本，促进供应商之间的竞争。
尽管Infinity庞大的供应商基础使其能够降低成本，但该公司一直因供应商的行为受到批评，包括非常不遵守道德准则。
其他被曝光的问题包括Technica的人力资源经理，他通过女婿拥有的一家公司雇佣员工。
Infinity了解cIPs道德准则和其他鼓励改善工作条件和做法的组织，如国际劳工组织(ILo)，但尚未解决这些问题。
问题
解释由cIPs等机构制定的道德准则所涉及的五个领域。
(25分)
QInfinity Inc
Infinity Ilnc is a global technology company and produces TV sets, cell phones, computers, and tablets. In just12 (years after being founded, Infinity has become one of the world's most valuable technology companyand its products are in high demand across the globe.
ln recent times the dynamics of consumer electronics manufacturing has changed, and the majority ofmanufacturers are now based in China. Ilnfinity has adopted a similar approach and sources parts for all itsproducts from multiple suppliers based in China and South East Asia. Technica China holds the=-long-terncontract for assembling all lnfinity products and is responsible for liaising with other parts manufacturers.lt is widely accepted that the primary reason behind lnfiniti's high-profit margin is its supply chain whicuses a 3-pronged approach to keep costs under control: reduce inventory, cut down on high warehousecosts and promote competition between the suppliers.
引领全球采购与供应职业发展Leading global excellence in procurement and supply
While the extent of lnfinity's supplier base has enabled it to drive down costs, it has been constantlycriticised for the conduct of its suppliers including very poor compliance with ethics guidelines.There are by Research Institute of Supply Chain Management of CIPS in Shanghai.Please indicate the source for reprint.
The other concerns which have come to light include the HR manager of Technica, hiring staff through acompany owned by his son-in-law.
Infinity are aware of the CIPs code of ethics and other organisations who encourage improved conditionsand practices such as the lLO (International Labour Organisation) but have not yet addressed them.
Question
Explain FIVE areas which would be addressed by a code of ethics produced by organisations such as CIPs.
[25 marks]
Q3数据一—学校
由政府资助的学校采购产品和服务，是公共部门一个重要领域的一大笔开支。员工通常占学校成本的70%左右。其余部分包括业务费和维修费，例如煤气和电费、饮食、文具、建筑物维修清洁和保险。这些都是从外部供应商购买的，在所有学校的预算中占相当大的比例。由于学校经常不遵守政府采购程序，因此越来越多的人注意到学校内部采购活动的重要性。
2013年发表的一份题为《学校体系效率评估》的报告发现，太多的学校继续单独购买产品和服务。它们未能实现潜在的规模经济，而这种规模经济可能是通过与其它商学院合作、采用联合体或团购方式实现的。在寻求竞争的地方，合同往往完全根据最低价格授予供应商。这种对价格的关注往往会对所提供的产品和服务的质量造成问题。例如，在餐饮方面，学生可以得到营养价值很低的食物，或者只有有限的健康选择。相比之下，在其他类别的采购中，例如能源供应和人员和建筑物的保险方面，竞争很少。
一项对日常用品(如文具)价格的调查显示，根据所选择的供应商，这些商品的价格因供应商而迥异。该报告还强调了23所抽样学校，这些学校都位于彼此半径15英里以内，每年在购买商品和服务上的总支出约为500万英镑。
确定了下列问题:
·使用了1828个不同的供应商
·与1524家供应商的年度支出低于每家500英镑
样本中的学校使用了相同的供应商，但使用的条款和条件不同.同样的商品和服务，学校也在支付不同的费用。
问题
描述一个典型的投标过程的五个连续阶段，这些阶段可以被一个新的学校采购联盟采用。
(25分)
Q3 Data -Schools
The procurement of products and services by government funded schools represents a significant sum ofmoney spent in an important area of the public sector. Staffing typically amounts to around 70% of schoocosts.The remainder consists of operating and maintenance expenditures, such as gas and electricitycatering, stationery, buildings maintenance, cleaning and insurance. These are purchased from externalsuppliers and account for a sizeable proportion of any school's budget. There is a growing focus on theimportance of procurement activity within schools, as they have often failed to comply with governmentprocedures for procurement.
Areport entitled 'Review of Efficiency in the Schools System' published in 2013 found that too many schoolscontinue to purchase products and services individually. They have failed to realise potential economies ofscale which might have been achieved by collaborating with other schools by using a consortium or groupbuying approach. Where competition was sought, contracts were often awarded to suppliers purely on thebasis of the lowest prices. This focus on price often created problems with the quality of product andservice that were supplied. For example, in the case of catering, pupils could have been offered food withlittle nutritional value or a limited range of healthy options. By contrast, in other categories of procurement,such as in the supply of energy and insurance of personnel and buildings,very little competition wasevident.
A survey of prices for routine items (such as stationery) showed how they varied hugely by supplierdepending on the supplier selected.The report also highlighted a sample of 23 schools, all based within15 mile radius of each other, with a combined spend on purchased goods and services of approximatelyf5m per year.
The following issues were identified:
1,828 different suppliers were used
The annual spend with 1,524 of these suppliers was less than 500 each
The schools in the sample were using the same suppliers, but on varying terms and conditionsSchools were also paying different amounts for the same goods and services.
uestion
Describe FIVE sequential stages of a typical tendering process that could be adopted by a new buyingconsortium for schools.
[25 marks]
Q4全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金(GFATM)
全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金(GFATM)是一个旨在吸引和分配资源以预防和治疗艾滋病、结核病和疟疾的国际组织。该组织总部设在瑞士日内瓦。它由政府拨款和公众捐款资助.GF
ATM
打算开发其寻源和采购活动。它最近进行了一次审查，以探讨如何提高效率，提高其外地工作员的商业专门知识，从而提高费用和付款的透明度。
建立了一个新的寻源流程来组织蚊帐的结构化采购，将权力从卖方转移到买方。这一过程的重点是降低个别制造商和蚊帐供应商的市场主导地位。GFATM使用这种新方法将把重点放在本地生产和供应商上。新寻源流程产生的长期合同将改善能见度、生产、产能规划和定价。
采购工作的另一个目标是通过订购更多标准尺寸的蚊帐和简化生产过程以削减成本，从而产生总体价值。以前蚊帐规格非常多。通过标准化和降低价格，可以在相同的预算内多购买三分之一的蚊帐。通过使用大规模的购买力，新流程将提供更好的资金价值，提供节约，并减少供应链瓶颈和短缺。
问题
解释供应商选择在GFATM等组织的采购过程中可能增加价值的四种方式。
(25分)
Q4 GFATM
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria(GFATM) is an international organisation that aimsto attract and distribute resources to prevent and treat HIV and AIDS,tuberculosis and malaria. Theorganisation has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. lt is financed by government grants and publicdonations.GFATM intends to develop its sourcing and procurement activities. It has recently carried oureview to explore how efficiency could be improved, to develop increased commercial expertise in its fieldstaff, and therefore achieve greater transparency on costs and payments.
A new sourcing process was established to organise the structured purchase of mosquito nets, shifting thepower from seller to buyer.The process focused on reducing the market dominance of individualmanufacturers and mosquito net suppliers. There would be a strong focus by GFATM on local productioand suppliers using this new approach. Long-term contracts resulting from the new sourcing process wouldimprove visibility, production, capacity planning and pricing.
Another aim of the sourcing exercise was to generate overall value by ordering more nets of a standard sizeand simplifying manufacturing processes to cut costs. Previously the number of mosquito net specifications.was very wide.Through standardisation and reduced prices, a third more nets could be bought within thesame budget.By using large-scale purchasing power, the new process would provide better value for money,providing savings and the reduction of supply chain bottlenecks and shortages.
Question
Explain FOUR ways in which supplier selection may add value in the sourcing process for organisations suchas GFATM.
[25 marks
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